Insulin Resistance

A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials found Mediterranean dietary interventions produced beneficial changes in several metabolic outcomes, including fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, a commonly used surrogate measure of insulin resistance.

• HOMA-IR and fasting insulin are surrogate metabolic outcomes.
• Study populations, intervention designs, and comparator diets varied.
• Do not equate improvement in insulin-resistance markers with cure or permanent reversal.
• Effects cannot be attributed to one individual Mediterranean-diet food.
• Do not infer prevention of Type 2 Diabetes from these markers alone.

Not established by the insulin-resistance outcomes alone.

• Source 1: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33143083/

Systematic-review and meta-analytic evidence indicates that dietary fiber interventions can modestly improve fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. A recent meta-analysis in adults with overweight or obesity without Type 2 Diabetes reported reductions in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR following fiber supplementation.

• Fiber sources, types, doses, and intervention durations vary substantially.
• Statistical heterogeneity is high for several metabolic outcomes.
• Do not assume all fibers or fiber-containing foods produce identical effects.
• Do not claim fiber cures or permanently reverses insulin resistance.
• Study populations should not automatically be generalized to everyone with insulin resistance.
• Do not infer long-term diabetes prevention from surrogate-marker changes alone.

Not established by these surrogate outcomes alone.

• Source 1: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40803102/
• Source 2: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36172520/