Osteoporosis

A meta-analysis of 11 randomized trials in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis found combined calcium and vitamin D modestly improved pelvic bone mineral density and vitamin D status, particularly among those deficient at baseline, but did not significantly reduce overall clinical fracture risk.

• Population was postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
• Significant BMD improvement was not demonstrated at all measured skeletal sites.
• Overall fracture reduction was not demonstrated.

Do not claim fracture prevention from this evidence.

• Source 1: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41063100/

Systematic reviews find no evidence that typical higher protein intake harms adult bone health. Some analyses report small positive associations with lumbar-spine bone mineral density, while evidence for fracture reduction is insufficient or absent.

• Do not claim increased protein prevents osteoporosis or fractures.
• Effects differ by population and outcome.
• Evidence for clinically meaningful fracture outcomes is insufficient.

This study did not report a long-term health outcome.

• Source 1: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28404575/
• Source 2: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30903209/